Guide to Basic Vocal Compression
From WikiRecording
A Basic Guide to Compressing a Vocal track
Probably the most common use of a compressor is to limit the dynamic range of a vocalist during a live performance or a recording. Most vocalists have a very wide dynamic range, and if the vocalist does not have 'studio' experience, the dynamic range of the vocal performance can be enhanced by the microphone techniques demonstrated during a session.
This wide variation in level makes it difficult to properly record a vocal take, especially in digital multi-track recorders which have definite limitations in headroom.
Compressing a vocal also makes it easier to place the vocal track in a mix so that it remains 'in your face' throughout the track.
Setting up the Compressor
To set up for a vocal take, insert a channel of a compressor into the same channel as the microphone on the mixer or DAW.
If the mixer has an insert point, insert the compressor there.
If you don't have an insert point you will have to place the compressor after the mixer's bus-output or whichever output you're using by coming out of the mixer to the input of the compressor; then out of the compressor to the input of the recorder. If you're using a stand alone mic preamp; patch the compressor after the preamp and then to the recorder.
Turn the threshold of the channel's compressor you're using completely to its lowest point. If you've gotten the cables right, you should see the LED's above the threshold knob of the channel you're using flashing when you talk into the microphone.
Basic Vocal Compression Suggestions
To set the compressor: turn the ratio to the 2:1 mark on the legend. With the vocalist singing at their loudest into the mic, turn the compressor's threshold until the gain reduction meters read about -7dB. Now you will probably need to boost the compressors' output by turning the Gain knob clockwise so that the mixer or multi-tracks meters read 0dB (in the case of some digital recorders this is -14dB).
This would be a basic, very simple but useable setting for recording a vocal. Things to vary to suit your taste might be:
- adjusting the ratio and threshold for more/less dynamic range.
- Push the Soft button in and check out the Soft Knee compression curve.
- Take the compressor out of Auto mode and adjust the Attack and Release times to taste.
As always, use your ears and experiment!
